OPTION 1: “Desire for Much versus Less is More”
1. View the videos and read the articles found at the links below on Charles Garnier’s Paris Opera (1860-1875) and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s German Pavilion for the Barcelona Exposition of 1929. Feel free to do more research by clicking on the bibliography links provided by these sites, or do your own Google searches on these two architects and/or buildings.
2. Go to https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/becoming-modern/avant-garde-france
3. Click on the video and the short article in the right-hand menu labeled “Garnier, Paris Opera” or view the video
View Garnier, Paris Opéra: Charles Garnier, The Paris Opéra, 1860-75
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoKlfcvCof4 (yes, this is the opera house that inspired “The Phantom of the Opera”!) *Only audio is the Overture from The Phantom of the Opera.
• http://www.archdaily.com/109135/ad-classics-barcelona-pavilion-mies-van-der-rohe/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ylBvdn1NQY (Barcelona Pavilion) *Only audio is instrumental from Ghost Story by Coldplay
Charles Garnier’s motto to describe his design for the Paris Opera (aka Palais Garnier) was “Bramo assai, poro spero” (Desire for much, hope for little). Legend has it that he also described ornamentation on a building as akin to a lady’s rouge and lipstick. The Second Empire Beaux-Arts style he employed on the Opera is highly ornamental, inside and out.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe’s motto, on the other hand, was famously “Less is more,” as evidenced in his high Modern Barcelona Pavilion. He is also the architect responsible for later glass-curtain wall skyscrapers, such as his Seagram Building in NYC, 1954-58.
Answer these questions (3 paragraphs)
• Which motto/design approach do you agree with?
• Do you like a highly ornamented building or a simple, clear structure true to its form and materials?
• Does it depend on the type of building it is, or the time period in which it was built?
• Give an example to support your opinion – this can be a building or structure that you are familiar with in your own city, or a building you find on the internet.
• Give the name and location of the building and include an image in your post.
In two separate posts, reply to the posts (choose from below) – one with whom you agree, and one with whom you disagree, and point out any aspects of this discussion they may have missed in their posts. (“I agree/disagree with you; I like/don’t like your example” ARE NOT valid responses.)
1.) Beautiful Structures
Each one of these beautiful structures hold so much history and pure beauty in them. They are so fascinating that people to this day are still doing everything they can to try to understand them in full. Even though to many they seem so big and beautiful, they all serve as a purpose. During the phase two building time of the Stonehenge it served as a large cremation burial ground at that time. Just like the stone edge the great pyramids also served as a cremation area.
The way things were constructed still is one of the most researched topics about these structures. They want to know how long and what they are made out of. The Stonehenge was built in three phases, and still stands to this day. They started with digging huge holes in the ground and making the outline with wood beams and bluestone which were than substituted with sarsen stone. Just like the time consuming Stonehenge the Ziggurat and great pyramids were also built brick by brick. It took an unsound amount of time to carry all those bricks to the area and assemble them as so.
The meaning and reason these structures where built are just as fascinating as the building itself. The Stonehenge is said to of been built along with the solar lunar calendar. People come and celebrate the longest day of the year at this monument. The Ziggurat is used as a worshiping area. They said they built a tower to the heavens. Lastly, the great pyramids were built for both. Seeing as it was a cremation area for higher society people, they also had a connection with the sun rays.
2.) Stonehenge, Ziggurat, and Pyramids
The Stonehenge was constructed during several stages between 3000 and 1500 B.C. during the neolithic period ,and sits in Wiltshire, England. The Ziggurat was built during the Early Bronze Age (21st Century B.C.) in present day Dhi Qar Province, Iraq. The Pyramids of Gaiza were built and constructed in 2560 BC and are located in Al Haram, Giza Governorate, Egypt.
The reasoning of the Stonehenge being built is still a mystery today, there is no reasoning for why it was constructed. The Pyramids were created and were used as Tombs for Pharaohs and the dead. The Ziggurat was built for religions to practice at.
The technology to create these magnificent structures are very similar. The Pulley machines were used for the Stonehenge and for the Pyramids. Constructed stones were used for all monuments. All structures have been used for phenomenons and religious beliefs. Astronomical phenomenas have multiple theories of how these buildings were constructed, by stating technology during those times were no where near advanced to accomplish these structures.
3.) Stonehenge and Pyramids
Stonehenge and the Giza Pyramids are a very unique and remarkable landmarks left behind to represent their respectable cultures and beliefs. Stonehenge and The Giza pyramids share the similarities of having an ancient past to one another and stand for the tribes of people who build them. These two iconic figures serve as wonders of the world.
Stonehenge was constructed but not during the same time periods. Its construction started around 3100 BCE dates before the construction of the Pyramids of Giza. It took much preparation and a lot of Stone with man power to build. Rock type used in its construction was sandstone and bluestone. Some people believe that Stonehenge was created for ritual affairs or for prayer purposes.
The pyramids of Giza although build after Stonehenge is still roughly around the same time periods of each other. The pyramids as well as Stonehenge took much man power to build and over a few hundred years. The purpose behind the construction of the pyramids was to serve as the resting place of the king and queens of Egypt.
The religious beliefs of both Stonehenge and the Pyramids was to show power and authority through their time of creation. Although Stonehenge served as a purpose for ritual and prayer purposes the pyramids were constructed to serve as burial ground or a monument.
4.) Stonehenge, Pyramids and Ziggurat
Big stones, platforms, structures are all created to form some of the world’s most historical places, today. These infrastructures took years to make; pyramids took approximately 20 years to make, along with the ziggurat, but the Stonehenge was built in four stages and although archaeologists do not know for certain how long it took to build, it is assumed that it took about 1,500 years to complete. These man-made dominating places are known today as: Stonehenge, pyramids and ziggurat.
With raised structures, stones and rocks, people from these countries created these famous structures. Stonehenge and pyramids were both built around the same time, very different cultures. The people in England built the Stonehenge, the Egyptians built the pyramids and the Sumerians built the ziggurat. All of these countries, very carefully constructed each of these magnificent pieces of art by hand.
All three of these places hold a religious symbol of their time. While it is said the ziggurat is a place between heaven and earth, some say it was the pathway to heaven. The ziggurat was built high to show wealth of their ruler and to show praise to their god. The ziggurat had rooms that held pieces of artwork.
Pyramids are composed of large structures with square bases. When a king would die they would be brought in a chamber within the pyramid. It is said that pyramids were a place where people would come to get closer to god.
The Stonehenge, is located on Salisbury plain in England. Stonehenge is one of the most recognized monuments of the Neolithic world and one of the most popular. This stone created historic site is visited by over millions each year.
OPTION 2: “Pieces of the Past”
1. View the videos and read the article found at the links below.
On Stonehenge:
• https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/prehistoric-art/neolithic-art/a/stonehenge
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OpHTrG4fZLE *Captions not edited. See attached Transcript of Stonehenge National Geographic.RTF.
On the Ziggurat:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTsSJ-3rf4Q *Captions not edited. See attached Transcript of Cradles of Civ Ziggurat.RTF.
On the Pyramids at Giza:
• https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/egypt-art/predynastic-old-kingdom/a/old-kingdom-the-great-pyramids-of-giza
2. These three amazing structures come from three different time periods and cultures. Yet there are many similarities between the three structures. After viewing the videos and article above, discuss the similarities you see with reference to: (3 paragraphs)
• Construction techniques and materials.
• Purpose or function of the structure.
• Relationship to religious beliefs and/or astronomical phenomenon.
3. What you glean from this information will differ from some of the posts above – respond to two posts (same from above) that point out a similarity you missed, or that you disagree with.
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