What were the driving forces behind the creation of the FAA and ICAO?
On May 21, 1958, Senator A. S. “Mike” Monroney (D-OK) introduced a bill to create an independent Federal Aviation Agency to provide for the safe and efficient use of national airspace. Two months later, on August 23, 1958, the President signed the Federal Aviation Act, which transferred the Civil Aeronautics Authority’s functions to a new independent Federal Aviation Agency responsible for civil aviation safety. Although the Federal Aviation Agency technically came into existence with the passage of the act, it actually assumed its functions in stages. Under the provisions of the act, the Federal Aviation Agency would begin operations 60 days after the appointment of the first Federal Aviation Agency Administrator. On November 1, 1958, retired Air Force General Elwood “Pete” Quesada became the first Federal Aviation Agency Administrator. Sixty days later, on December 31, the Federal Aviation Agency began operations.
https://www.faa.gov/about/history/brief_history/
The Convention on International Civil Aviation, signed in Chicago on 7 December 1944 (the Chicago Convention), came into force on 4 April 1947. The legal instrument that gives effect to this in Australia is the Air Navigation Act 1920. The Convention established certain principles and arrangements so international civil aviation can develop in a safe and orderly manner, and that international air transport services be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically. In October of 1947, ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations linked to Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
http://www.icao.int/secretariat/TechnicalCooperation/Pages/history.aspx
This question is pertaining to the airline versus FAA safety responsibilities. How do these organizations differ in the effort for safety?
FAA’s major roles and responsibilities
• Under the broad umbrella of safety and efficiency, we have several major roles:
• Regulating civil aviation to promote safety
• Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology
• Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft
• Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics
• Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation
• Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation
https://www.faa.gov/about/safety_efficiency/
The main mission of ICAO includes strengthening of safety and security, increasing of efficiency of international civil aviation, and promotion of principles enshrined in the Chicago Convention. The mission is further elaborated through eight strategic objectives:
– Forster the implementation of ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) to the greatest extent possible worldwide.
– Develop and adopt new or amended SARPS and associated documents in a timely manner to meet changing needs.
– Strengthen the legal framework governing international civil aviation.
– Ensure the currency, coordination and implementation of regional air navigation plans and provide the framework for the efficient implementation of new air navigation systems and services.
– Respond on a timely basis to major challenges to the safe, secure, and efficient development and operation of civil aviation.
– Ensure that guidance and information on the economic regulation of international air transport is current and effective.
– Assist in the mobilization of human, technical and financial resources for civil aviation facilities and services.
– Ensure the greatest possible efficiency and effectiveness in the operations of the Organization, inter alia to meet the above objectives.
http://dobrica.savic.ca/pubs/Fundamentals_of_law_ICAO.pdf
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